Why Do Hurricanes Have Names? Here's What You Need to Know
Have you ever wondered how hurricanes get their names? It's not as random as it might seem, and there's a specific reason for naming these powerful storms. The process of naming hurricanes helps in tracking and communicating essential information to the public, ensuring preparedness during severe weather events. But who exactly decides these names, and what goes into the selection process?
Why Do We Name Hurricanes?
The primary reason hurricanes are named is for simplicity and communication. Before hurricanes were named, meteorologists would track storms using long, complicated latitude and longitude coordinates. This made it challenging to communicate clearly and quickly about a storm, especially as weather reports began to reach wider audiences. Naming hurricanes solved this issue, making it easier for the media, governments, and the public to track and understand these storms.
Names also make storms more memorable, encouraging people to take warnings seriously. A named storm is much easier to remember than a numbered one, and the familiarity of a name can sometimes spur action that may save lives.
Who Names Hurricanes, and How?
The responsibility of naming hurricanes falls on the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). Naming hurricanes isn't just a matter of picking random names from a hat. In fact, the WMO has a predetermined list of names for each hurricane season, rotating through these lists every six years. Each list consists of names that alternate between male and female.
History of Hurricane Names
In the past, hurricanes were named after the saints' feast days on which they occurred. For example, Puerto Rico experienced two hurricanes named San Felipe, one on Sept. 13, 1876, and another on the same date in 1928. Separately, an Australian meteorologist, Clement Wragge, introduced a new method, naming storms after women. The U.S. adopted this practice in 1953, and by 1979, both men's and women's names were being used.
How Hurricane Names Are Chosen
The World Meteorological Organization maintains six lists of 21 names each for Atlantic storms, excluding the letters Q, U, X, Y, and Z. After six years, the names cycle back to the beginning, except for any names that are retired.
For storms in the Pacific, a different set of six lists is used, leaving out Q and U. If a season exceeds 21 storms in the Atlantic or 24 in the Pacific (a rare but not unprecedented occurrence), the names continue using the Greek alphabet, starting with Alpha and going through Omega.
Why Some Names Are Retired
If a hurricane causes significant destruction or death, its name is retired permanently from the rotation. This prevents future storms from sharing the same name, ensuring that people don't confuse a new storm with the traumatic event of the past. For instance, names like Katrina and Harvey are no longer in use due to the devastation they caused. More than likely, Helene will also be retired. When a hurricane name is retired, meteorologists defer to a supplemental list of extra names and add it into that year's rotation. As of 2024, a total of 96 names have been retired.
The process of naming hurricanes is far from arbitrary; it's a well-thought-out system designed to improve communication, safety, and public awareness. By assigning easily recognizable names to these storms, meteorologists ensure that everyone stays informed and prepared. So, the next time a hurricane is approaching, you'll know that its name was chosen with care, part of a long-standing effort to protect lives and property.
References: How Exactly Are Hurricane Names Chosen? | How do hurricanes get their names? A look at the naming process and 2024's full list of storms | How did Hurricane Helene get its name? Meteorologists explain | Will Helene be retired from future hurricane name lists?
